Cat. No.: HY-W014937

4-Hydroxybenzophenone

Name: 4-Hydroxybenzophenone
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-W014937
Price: 25.00 USD
Availability: InStock
Rating: 5 (1 reviews)

(Synonyms: 4HBP)

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4‑Hydroxybenzophenone (4HBP) is a major metabolite of Benzophenone (HY-Y0546) and is orally active. 4-Hydroxybenzophenone triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress and activates the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP and IRE1α-XBP1s pathways, and inhibits IκB translation. 4-Hydroxybenzophenone induces endoplasmic reticulum stress, unfolded protein response activation, protein homeostasis imbalance, protein aggregation, oxidative stress, ROS accumulation, mitochondrial membrane potential decrease, ATP depletion, and cytotoxicity. 4-Hydroxybenzophenone induces neural stem cell apoptosis (apoptosis) and affects neuronal differentiation. 4-Hydroxybenzophenone promotes malignant proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. 4-Hydroxybenzophenone can be used in research related to neurodevelopmental toxicity and hepatocellular carcinoma.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity : 99.95%
CAS No.: 1137-42-4
Formula: C₁₃H₁₀O₂
Molecular Weight:198.22

Storage:

RT, stored under nitrogen.

In solvent -80°C, 1 year , -20°C, 6 months

4-Hydroxybenzophenone Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 1137-42-4

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

^[1]

NF-κB

IL-6

IL-1β

TNF-α

eIF2-α

All NF-κB Isoforms :

All TNF Receptor Isoforms :

All Interleukin Related Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
HepG2	IC50	41.3 μM	Decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential in human HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells measured by m-MPI dye after 1 hr treatment in a 1,536-well plate format. Decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential in human HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells measured by m-MPI dye after 1 hr treatment in a 1,536-well plate format.	25302578

In Vitro

Endoplasmic Reticulum StressApoptosisOthersCytokines and ChemokinesMitochondrial Function

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Apoptosis

4-Hydroxybenzophenone (4HBP) (1 μM; 7 days) primarily affects NSC proliferation and induces ER stress and apoptosis in mouse NSCs; it triggers inflammatory responses and activates the NFκB signaling pathway in hippocampal NSCs^[1].

Others

4-Hydroxybenzophenone (1 μM) induces morphological changes in the endoplasmic reticulum of hippocampal NSCs^[1].
4-Hydroxybenzophenone (4HBP) (5 nM; 48 h) increases cell viability in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells, but not in normal LO2 hepatocytes^[2].
4-Hydroxybenzophenone (5 nM; 1-2 weeks) promotes colony formation in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells but not in normal LO2 hepatocytes^[2].
4-Hydroxybenzophenone (5 nM; beyond 30 passages) accelerates the proliferative capacity of HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells but does not affect normal LO2 hepatocytes; at P30, it upregulates BIP and selectively activates the IRE1α-XBP1s signaling axis in HepG2 cells, induces XBP1s nuclear translocation, and increases protein aggregation^[2].
4-Hydroxybenzophenone exposure (5 nM; more than 30 passages) induces PERK reporter oligomerization and aggregate formation in HepG2 cells at P30^[2].
The 4-Hydroxybenzophenone-induced increase in cell viability, enhanced proliferation, and elevated colony formation ability in HepG2 cells are reversed by XBP1 knockdown or inhibition of the IRE1α-XBP1s pathway with MKC8866 (HY-104040)^[2].
4-Hydroxybenzophenone (4OH-BP) exhibits strong binding affinity with ESR1 and ESR2 in molecular docking simulations^[3].
4-Hydroxybenzophenone (1-1000 nM; 7 days) inhibits the proliferation of primary mouse hippocampal NSCs in vitro and reduces the viability of primary mouse hippocampal NSCs in vitro^[4].
4-Hydroxybenzophenone (1 μM; 7 days) treatment significantly upregulates the expression of Cxcl1 and other genes in primary mouse NSCs, with Cxcl1 being the most significantly upregulated gene^[4].

Cytokines and Chemokines

Apoptosis

4-Hydroxybenzophenone induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and activates the PERK signaling pathway in hippocampal neural stem cells. PERK inhibition reverses the 4-Hydroxybenzophenone-induced decrease in IκBα levels in hippocampal neural stem cells and rescues hippocampal neural stem cell apoptosis^[1].
4-Hydroxybenzophenone induces ATF4-dependent p65 transcriptional regulation; ATF4 or CHOP knockdown rescues 4-Hydroxybenzophenone-triggered hippocampal neural stem cell apoptosis; it eliminates nuclear p65 aggregation and reverses apoptosis^[1].

Cytokines and Chemokines

4-Hydroxybenzophenone (1 μM; 7 days) strongly induces Cxcl1 mRNA and protein expression in primary mouse NSCs; moreover, Cxcl1 knockdown attenuates the 4HBP-induced inhibition of proliferation and increase in apoptosis, and rescues the decrease in cell viability in primary mouse NSCs^[4].

Mitochondrial Function

4-Hydroxybenzophenone is a hydroxybenzophenone isomer that reduces mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) with an IC₅₀ of 41.3 μM^[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay^[1]

Cell Line:

Primary hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs)
Concentration:

1 μM
Incubation Time:

7 days
Result:

Dose-dependently inhibited viability of primary NSCs.
Neither the parental BP nor BP-3 caused significant toxicity at the same concentration.

Western Blot Analysis^[1]

Cell Line:

Hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs)
Concentration:

0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 μM
Incubation Time:

7 days
Result:

Phosphorylated and total level of p65 robustly increased.
Reduction in IκBα level.
Elevated level of p65 mRNA.

Immunofluorescence^[1]

Cell Line:

Hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs)
Concentration:

1 μM
Incubation Time:

7 days
Result:

ATF4 knockdown almost completely eliminated nuclear p65 in the 4HBP-treated NSCs.
Increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis, as reflected by Ki67 and cleaved-caspase 3 staining.

Cell Viability Assay^[2]

Cell Line:

HepG2 and LO2
Concentration:

5 nM
Incubation Time:

48 h
Result:

Increased cell viability significantly in HepG2 cells at passage 10 and passage 30.
Failed to induce significant alterations in cell viability in normal LO2 cells.

Cell Viability Assay^[2]

Cell Line:

HepG2
Concentration:

10 μM
Incubation Time:

48 h
Result:

Almost completely inhibited the 4-Hydroxybenzophenone-induced increase in cell viability.
Showed a more significant decrease in viability compared with the control group.

Real Time qPCR^[5]

Cell Line:

Primary mouse neural stem cells (NSCs)
Concentration:

1 μM
Incubation Time:

7 days
Result:

Identified top upregulated genes induced by 4HBP exposure, with chemokine Cxcl1 ranked first.
Confirmed that expression of Cxcl1, Adm2, Cntnap3, P2rx3, and Atp2a3 were generally increased.\nConfirmed elevated mRNA expression of Cxcl1 upon 4HBP exposure.

Immunofluorescence^[5]

Cell Line:

Primary mouse neural stem cells (NSCs)
Concentration:

1 μM
Incubation Time:

7 days
Result:

Showed significantly stronger signal of Cxcl1 staining in Nestin-labeled NSCs treated with 4HBP compared to untreated cells.
Resulted in marked reduction of Cxcl1 staining with siRNA-mediated transient knockdown of Cxcl1.\nShowed significantly less Ki67+ cells and more cleaved-caspase 3+ cells in 4HBP-treated group.
Cxcl1 knockdown strongly reversed the number of Ki67+ and cleaved-caspase 3+ cells.

Cell Viability Assay^[5]

Cell Line:

Primary mouse neural stem cells (NSCs)
Concentration:

1 μM
Incubation Time:

7 days
Result:

Cxcl1 knockdown rescued the decline in cell viability caused by 4HBP treatment.

In Vivo

ApoptosisOthers

Apoptosis

4-Hydroxybenzophenone (4HBP) (0.1-1 mg/kg/day; p.o.; throughout the 21-day gestational period) impairs hippocampal development and leads to cognitive dysfunction in offspring mice; pharmacological inhibition of PERK with GSK2606414 (HY-18072) attenuates 4HBP-induced apoptosis of NSCs in offspring, thereby improving hippocampal development and cognitive function^[1].

Others

4-Hydroxybenzophenone (4HBP) (5 nM; subcutaneous injection; 0-12 days) specifically promotes the malignant progression of HCC cells and enhances their tumorigenic potential in vivo^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

C57BL/6 mice (pregnant dams and their offspring; male 25-30 g, female 20-25 g)^[1]
Dosage:

0.1, 1 mg/kg/day
Administration:

p.o.; throughout the entire 21-day pregnancy
Result:

Reduced offspring swimming time in target quadrant and platform-crossing numbers in the 1 mg/kg/day 4HBP group, decreased spontaneous exploration, and increased dark-cage residence time and entry frequency.
Decreased hippocampal volume at P1 with persistent morphological changes at P56, lowered Ki67+/Nestin+ NSC count and raised TUNEL signals at 1 mg/kg/day.
Altered GFAP and Tuj1 expression, reduced NeuN+ cell number, and elevated cleaved-caspase 3 and Bax levels in offspring hippocampus.
Increased PERK pathway component expression at P1 with sustained mild activation at P56, upregulated TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6, elevated total and phosphorylated p65 and reduced IκBα in hippocampal tissues.

Animal Model:

C57BL/6 mice (pregnant dams and their offspring; male 25-30 g, female 20-25 g)^[1]
Dosage:

1 mg/kg/day (4HBP)
50 mg/kg/day (GSK2606414)
Administration:

p.o.; throughout the entire 21-day pregnancy
Result:

Altered no behavioral performance in the Morris water maze after single GSK2606414 treatment, and fully rescued 4HBP-induced cognitive deficits to the control level; consistent rescued cognitive phenotypes were validated in the T-maze test.
Promoted proliferation and alleviated apoptosis of hippocampal NSCs in P1 and P56 offspring co-treated with 4HBP and GSK2606414.
Attenuated 4HBP-triggered PERK-eIF2α pathway activation, nuclear p65 accumulation, NF-κB signaling activation and inflammatory cytokine overexpression in offspring hippocampal tissues.

Animal Model:

BALB/c nude mice (female, 4.5-5.5 weeks old, HepG2 cell-derived xenograft model (6.5 × 10⁸ cells suspended in a mixture of 1 mL sterile PBS and Matrigel at a 2:1 ratio))^[2]
Dosage:

5 nM
Administration:

subcutaneous injection; 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 days
Result:

Displayed significantly larger tumor volumes and higher tumor weights than paired vehicle control tumors at 22 days post-injection.

Related Protocols :

Chemical Information

CAS No. 1137-42-4
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 198.22
Formula C₁₃H₁₀O₂
Color White to off-white
SMILES

O=C(C1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2
Synonyms

4HBP
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

RT, stored under nitrogen

In solvent	-80°C	1 year
	-20°C	6 months

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (504.49 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

5.0449 mL

25.2245 mL

50.4490 mL

5 mM

1.0090 mL

5.0449 mL

10.0898 mL

10 mM

0.5045 mL

2.5224 mL

5.0449 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (25.22 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (25.22 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (25.22 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (299 KB)
SDS (418 KB)
- English - EN (418 KB)
- Français - FR (418 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (418 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (418 KB)
- Español - ES (418 KB)
- Swedish - SV (418 KB)
- Italian - IT (418 KB)
- Korean - KR (418 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (418 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Cui F, et al. Maternal Benzophenone Exposure Impairs Hippocampus Development and Cognitive Function in Mouse Offspring. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany). 2021 Dec;8(23):e2102686.

[2]. Wang R, et al. Environmental benzophenone exposure promotes liver cancer cell proliferation via the IRE1α-XBP1s pathway. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2026 Oct;216:116277.

[3]. Li HM. Chronic exposure to environmentally relevant benzophenones induces male reproductive dysfunction via ER-mediated disulfidptosis: therapeutic potential of zeaxanthin dipalmitate. Environment International. 2026 Aug 25:110477.

[4]. Lin Y, et al. 4-hydroxybenzophenone exposure inhibits mouse hippocampal neural stem cell proliferation in vitro by upregulating Cxcl1. Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA. 2022 Aug;82:105367.

[5]. Attene-Ramos MS, et al. Profiling of the Tox21 chemical collection for mitochondrial function to identify compounds that acutely decrease mitochondrial membrane potential. Environmental health perspectives. 2015 Jan;123(1):49-56.

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	5.0449 mL	25.2245 mL	50.4490 mL	126.1225 mL
	5 mM	1.0090 mL	5.0449 mL	10.0898 mL	25.2245 mL
	10 mM	0.5045 mL	2.5224 mL	5.0449 mL	12.6122 mL
	15 mM	0.3363 mL	1.6816 mL	3.3633 mL	8.4082 mL
	20 mM	0.2522 mL	1.2612 mL	2.5224 mL	6.3061 mL
	25 mM	0.2018 mL	1.0090 mL	2.0180 mL	5.0449 mL
	30 mM	0.1682 mL	0.8408 mL	1.6816 mL	4.2041 mL
	40 mM	0.1261 mL	0.6306 mL	1.2612 mL	3.1531 mL
	50 mM	0.1009 mL	0.5045 mL	1.0090 mL	2.5224 mL
	60 mM	0.0841 mL	0.4204 mL	0.8408 mL	2.1020 mL
	80 mM	0.0631 mL	0.3153 mL	0.6306 mL	1.5765 mL
	100 mM	0.0504 mL	0.2522 mL	0.5045 mL	1.2612 mL

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4-Hydroxybenzophenone

All NF-κB Isoforms

All TNF Receptor Isoforms

All Interleukin Related Isoforms