Urologic Disease

Choline chloride is an orally active methylxanthine derivative. Choline chloride exhibits weak antihistaminic and anticholinergic activities and potentiates the effects of histamine and acetylcholine. Choline chloride relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, dilates coronary and peripheral blood vessels, increases urine output and electrolyte excretion, stimulates locomotor activity in the central nervous system, and induces transient hypotension following a pressor phase. Choline chloride modulates sleep architecture by increasing wakefulness time and reducing slow-wave sleep, without altering the frequency or severity of nocturnal hypoxemia, apnea, or hypopnea events. Choline chloride is used in studies of bronchospasm, nocturnal asthma, and chronic asthma.

Sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (Mesnum) is a thiol-containing urinary tract protective agent and aldehyde scavenger that detoxifies acrolein via its thiol group to form an inert thioether excreted in urine, and competitively inhibits human myeloperoxidase, thereby mitigating Cyclophosphamide (HY-17420)-induced cytogenetic damage. Sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate can be used for research on hemorrhagic cystitis.

Sutimlimab is a humanized monoclonal IgG4 antibody. Sutimlimab inhibits complement protein component 1, s subcomponent (C1s). Sutimlimab blocks C3 and C4 activation. Sutimlimab can be used for the research of cold agglutinin disease and complement-mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Netupitant (CID 6451149) is a blood-brain barrier penetrable, orally active NK1 receptor inhibitor with a K_i of 0.95 nM (CHO cells) against the human receptor. Netupitant antagonizes the effects induced by Substance P, inhibits the maximal response of Substance P with a long-lasting action, and suppresses NK1 agonist-induced behaviors in mice and gerbils. Netupitant reduces the frequency of bladder contractions, prolongs contraction intervals, decreases basal pressure at high doses, and acts on the afferent branch of the micturition reflex. Netupitant can be used in research related to overactive bladder, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, post-operative nausea and vomiting, anxiety disorders, and depression.

DL-Glyceric Acid (20% in water) is a metabolite of plants and mammals and exists in two configurations, D and L.

Choline-d₄ chloride is the d₄-labeled Choline chloride (HY-B1337). Choline chloride is an orally active methylxanthine derivative. Choline chloride exhibits weak antihistaminic and anticholinergic activities and potentiates the effects of histamine and acetylcholine. Choline chloride relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, dilates coronary and peripheral blood vessels, increases urine output and electrolyte excretion, stimulates locomotor activity in the central nervous system, and induces transient hypotension following a pressor phase. Choline chloride modulates sleep architecture by increasing wakefulness time and reducing slow-wave sleep, without altering the frequency or severity of nocturnal hypoxemia, apnea, or hypopnea events. Choline chloride is used in studies of bronchospasm, nocturnal asthma, and chronic asthma.

Choline-¹³C₂ chloride is the ¹³C-labeled Choline chloride (HY-B1337). Choline chloride is an orally active methylxanthine derivative. Choline chloride exhibits weak antihistaminic and anticholinergic activities and potentiates the effects of histamine and acetylcholine. Choline chloride relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, dilates coronary and peripheral blood vessels, increases urine output and electrolyte excretion, stimulates locomotor activity in the central nervous system, and induces transient hypotension following a pressor phase. Choline chloride modulates sleep architecture by increasing wakefulness time and reducing slow-wave sleep, without altering the frequency or severity of nocturnal hypoxemia, apnea, or hypopnea events. Choline chloride is used in studies of bronchospasm, nocturnal asthma, and chronic asthma.

Picotamide is an orally active TXA₂ receptor and TXA₂ synthase inhibitor. Picotamide inhibits ADP (HY-W010918)-, Arachidonic acid (HY-109590)-, and Collagen (HY-NP003)-induced platelet aggregation, reduces TXA₂ production during coagulation, and does not inhibit PGI2 synthesis in endothelial cells. Picotamide inhibits contractions induced by α1-adrenergic receptor agonism, TXA2 mediation, and neurogenic (electrical field stimulation-induced) factors in human prostatic smooth muscle, and broadly inhibits agonist-induced contractions of porcine interlobar renal and coronary arteries. Picotamide can be used in research related to thromboembolic diseases, atherosclerosis, and lower urinary tract symptoms.

Choline bitartrate (Oxtriphylline) is an orally active methylxanthine-derived choline salt of theophylline. Choline bitartrate exhibits weak antihistaminic and anticholinergic activities and can enhance the effects of histamine and acetylcholine. Choline bitartrate relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, dilates coronary and peripheral blood vessels, increases urine output and electrolyte excretion, stimulates central nervous system motor activity, and induces transient hypotension following a pressor phase. Choline bitartrate modulates sleep architecture by increasing wakefulness time and reducing slow-wave sleep, without altering the frequency or severity of nocturnal hypoxemia, apnea, or hypopnea events. Choline bitartrate is used in studies of bronchospasm, nocturnal asthma, and chronic asthma.

Choline-d₉ chloride is the d₉-labeled Choline chloride (HY-B1337). Choline chloride is an orally active methylxanthine derivative. Choline chloride exhibits weak antihistaminic and anticholinergic activities and potentiates the effects of histamine and acetylcholine. Choline chloride relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, dilates coronary and peripheral blood vessels, increases urine output and electrolyte excretion, stimulates locomotor activity in the central nervous system, and induces transient hypotension following a pressor phase. Choline chloride modulates sleep architecture by increasing wakefulness time and reducing slow-wave sleep, without altering the frequency or severity of nocturnal hypoxemia, apnea, or hypopnea events. Choline chloride is used in studies of bronchospasm, nocturnal asthma, and chronic asthma.

Sodium mercaptopyruvate serves as a substrate for Lactate dehydrogenase and Sulfurtransferase. Sodium mercaptopyruvate forms through enzymatic transamination and oxidative deamination of L-cysteine (HY-Y0337). Sodium mercaptopyruvate abolishes lactate dehydrogenase reaction activity. It increases urinary thiosulfate excretion, fails to sustain rat growth by replacing L-cystine (HY-N0394), and does not induce morbidity or mortality in mice. Sodium mercaptopyruvate is applicable to research related to 3-mercaptopyruvate disulfiduria and 3-mercaptolactate disulfiduria.

3-Hydroxypropionic acid (30% in water) is a metabolite of β-Alanine (HY-N0230) and also a precursor for the synthesis of various chemical products. 3-Hydroxypropionic acid (30% in water) exhibits reduced urinary levels in elderly male patients with nocturia, which correlates with altered β-Alanine metabolic pathogenesis. 3-Hydroxypropionic acid (30% in water) can be used in studies related to nocturia.

Pivalic acid (Trimethylmethanecarboxylic acid) is a carboxylic acid. Pivalic acid induces Carnitine deficiency. Pivalic acid conjugated with Antibiotics, such as Pivmecillinam (HY-B0810) and Pivampicillin (HY-119011), are used in urinary tract infection. Pivalic acid can be used in physical exercise research.

Choline chloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Choline chloride (HY-B1337). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Choline chloride is an orally active methylxanthine derivative. Choline chloride exhibits weak antihistaminic and anticholinergic activities and potentiates the effects of histamine and acetylcholine. Choline chloride relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, dilates coronary and peripheral blood vessels, increases urine output and electrolyte excretion, stimulates locomotor activity in the central nervous system, and induces transient hypotension following a pressor phase. Choline chloride modulates sleep architecture by increasing wakefulness time and reducing slow-wave sleep, without altering the frequency or severity of nocturnal hypoxemia, apnea, or hypopnea events. Choline chloride is used in studies of bronchospasm, nocturnal asthma, and chronic asthma.

Choline Chloride-¹³C₃ is the ¹³C-labeled Choline chloride (HY-B1337). Choline chloride is an orally active methylxanthine derivative. Choline chloride exhibits weak antihistaminic and anticholinergic activities and potentiates the effects of histamine and acetylcholine. Choline chloride relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, dilates coronary and peripheral blood vessels, increases urine output and electrolyte excretion, stimulates locomotor activity in the central nervous system, and induces transient hypotension following a pressor phase. Choline chloride modulates sleep architecture by increasing wakefulness time and reducing slow-wave sleep, without altering the frequency or severity of nocturnal hypoxemia, apnea, or hypopnea events. Choline chloride is used in studies of bronchospasm, nocturnal asthma, and chronic asthma.

Estrone 3-glucuronide sodium is a metabolite of 17-Estradiol.

3-Hydroxypropionic acid sodium is a metabolite of β-Alanine (HY-N0230) and also a precursor for the synthesis of various chemical products. 3-Hydroxypropionic acid sodium exhibits reduced urinary levels in elderly male patients with nocturia, which correlates with altered β-Alanine metabolic pathogenesis. 3-Hydroxypropionic acid sodium can be used in studies related to nocturia.

Imidafenacin (KRP-197; ONO-8025) is an orally active inhibitor of muscarinic (mAChR) M₁ and M₃ receptors. Imidafenacin potently inhibits bladder contraction in vivo and exerts an antidiuretic effect by enhancing the signaling pathway of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). Imidafenacin can be used in research related to overactive bladder.

Spinacetin is an orally active flavonoid glycoside found in Inula japonica, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Spinacetin inhibits major inflammatory signaling pathways such as Syk, MAPK, and NF-κB, and reduces Ca²⁺-dependent release of allergic mediators. Spinacetin induces protective autophagy and enhances antioxidant defense by upregulating SIRT3/SIRT1/PGC-1α, activating AMPK, and inhibiting mTOR and NF-κB, thereby exerting anti-apoptotic, cardioprotective, bladder-protective, and hepatoprotective effects. Spinacetin alleviates Doxorubicin (HY-15142A)-induced cardiotoxicity and reduces Cyclophosphamide (HY-17420)-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. Spinacetin can be used in research on allergic reactions, cardiotoxicity, cystitis, and cadmium-aggravated hepatic ischemia.

Choline-d₁₃ chloride is the d₁₃-labeled Choline chloride (HY-B1337). Choline chloride is an orally active methylxanthine derivative. Choline chloride exhibits weak antihistaminic and anticholinergic activities and potentiates the effects of histamine and acetylcholine. Choline chloride relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, dilates coronary and peripheral blood vessels, increases urine output and electrolyte excretion, stimulates locomotor activity in the central nervous system, and induces transient hypotension following a pressor phase. Choline chloride modulates sleep architecture by increasing wakefulness time and reducing slow-wave sleep, without altering the frequency or severity of nocturnal hypoxemia, apnea, or hypopnea events. Choline chloride is used in studies of bronchospasm, nocturnal asthma, and chronic asthma.