Glycerophospholipids

1-Oleoyl lysophosphatidic acid (1-Oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate) sodium, a potent bioactive phospholipid, is a LPA receptor activator. 1-Oleoyl lysophosphatidic acid sodium can promote mitosis by inducing DNA synthesis. 1-Oleoyl lysophosphatidic acid sodium is also involved in normal and pathological emotional responses, including anxiety and depression.

C16-PAF (PAF (C16)), a phospholipid mediator, is a platelet-activating factor and ligand for PAF G-protein-coupled receptor (PAFR). C16-PAF exhibits anti-apoptotic effect and inhibits caspase-dependent death by activating the PAFR. C16-PAF is a potent MAPK and MEK/ERK activator. C16-PAF induces increased vascular permeability.

Lysophosphatidylcholines is an orally active lysolipid and a component of oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL). Lysophosphatidylcholines induces cell injury, the production of IL-1β and apoptosis. Lysophosphatidylcholines has a proactive effect on sepsis.

1-Oleoyl lysophosphatidic acid (1-Oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate) is an abundant lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) species with high biological activity due to its strong affinity for the LPA receptors. 1-Oleoyl lysophosphatidic acid is commonly used in most laboratories as a reagent for LPA receptor activation. 1-Oleoyl lysophosphatidic acid increases SRE-driven β-galactosidase activity.

Lecithin is regarded as a safe, conventional phospholipid source. Phospholipids are reported to alter the fatty acid composition and microstructure of the membranes in animal cells.

Cardiolipin (Heart, Bovine) sodium is a mitochondria-exclusive phospholipid that can be extracted from Bovine hear. Cardiolipin (Heart, Bovine) sodium can maintain mitochondrial function, regulate cellular metabolism and signaling and induce apoptosis and autophagy. Cardiolipin (Heart, Bovine) sodium can be coated on microtitre plates for ELISA assay. Cardiolipin (Heart, Bovine) sodium can be used for the researches of inflammation, immunology, cardiovascular and neurological disease.

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate sodium (compound 3-F7) is a phosphatidic acid and a human endogenous metabolite. It is used in the generation of micelles, liposomes, and artificial membranes.

Phosphatidylinositols, soya, sodium salts is a mixture of phosphatidylinositols. Phosphoinositides are lipids involved in the vesicular transport of proteins and lipids between the different compartments of eukaryotic cells. They act by recruiting and/or activating effector proteins and thus are involved in regulating various cellular functions, such as vesicular budding, membrane fusion and cytoskeleton dynamics.

Phosphatidylglycerols (PG) is a selective inhibitor targeting the TLR4 accessory protein CD14/MD-2 complex, inhibiting LPS or virus (such as RSV)-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways through competitive binding. Phosphatidylglycerols directly bind to viral particles to block infection, inhibit COX-2 expression to reduce the release of inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-8), and improve oxidative stress by regulating mitochondrial membrane phospholipid remodeling. Phosphatidylglycerols can be taken orally or by inhalation and can be used in the study of chronic inflammatory diseases (such as atherosclerosis) and respiratory viral infections (such as RSV).

Phosphatidylserine (Phospholipids) is a well-conserved anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive signal. Phosphatidylserine is involved in membrane translocation and the activation of protein kinase C, participating in Akt signaling through its interaction with PIP3. The local exposure of Phosphatidylserine can interact with complement and other proteins, promoting microglial phagocytosis during critical periods of synaptic refinement. Phosphatidylserine can promote blood coagulation in the extracellular environment and acts as a "eat me" signal to clear out apoptotic cells. Phosphatidylserine can suppress inflammation in tissues by inducing TGF-β secretion and inhibiting immune responses.

Dodecylphosphocholine is a detergent widely utilized in NMR studies of membrane proteins.

LysoPE (18:2/0:0) is a lysophosphatidylethanolamine implicated in phospholipid metabolism. LysoPE (18:2/0:0) shows significantly altered serum levels in mice exposed to a combination of DEHP (HY-B1945) and Aroclor 1254, which is associated with disturbed phospholipid metabolism. LysoPE (18:2/0:0) can be used for the research of endocrine-disrupting compound-induced metabolic disorders and lipid metabolism disturbance. LysoPE (18:2/0:0) is identified as a potential biomarker for the combined toxicity of DEHP and Aroclor 1254.

Oleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine sodium (18:1 Lyso-PS) is a modified PS product generated following NADPH oxidase activation and Lyso-PS signal transduction. 1-Oleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine sodium signals through macrophage G2A to enhance the phagocytic uptake of PS-dependent apoptotic (apoptosis) neutrophils and PS-exposed activated neutrophils. 1-Oleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine sodium enhances macrophage phagocytic uptake of apoptotic cells, carboxylate-modified microspheres, and PS-exposed non-apoptotic activated neutrophils. 1-Oleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine sodium serves as an acyl acceptor substrate for the lysophosphatidyltransferase At1g78690p to generate diacylphosphatidylserine. 1-Oleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine sodium reduces the secretion of IL-8 and decreases the proportion of viable colon cancer cells. 1-Oleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine sodium is applicable to studies on peritonitis and inflammatory bowel disease.

Lysophosphatidylethanolamines, egg (Lyso-PE (egg); LPE (egg); L-α-lysophosphatidylethanolamine) is a naturally occurring lysophospholipid isolated from purified egg phosphatidylcholine. Lysophosphatidylethanolamines, egg acts as a hepatic lipid biomarker in oleic acid-induced hepatocytes. The level of Lysophosphatidylethanolamines, egg decreases in mice fed a high-fat diet. Lysophosphatidylethanolamines, egg can be used in studies related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hyperlipidemia.

1-Heptadecanoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is an endogenous metabolite present in Blood that can be used for the research of Pregnancy and Sepsis.

LysoPC(16:1(9Z)) is a type of lysophosphatidylcholine that can be used to study spleen deficiency syndrome.

15:0 Lyso PC is a lysophosphatidylcholine (Lyso PC), a product of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and is involved in cell membrane remodeling and inflammatory signaling. 15:0 Lyso PC demonstrates significant lipid metabolism disturbances in the serum with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). 15:0 Lyso PC can be used as a lipid biomarker for cardiovascular disease.

Lecithins, egg (Lecithins, egg yolk; Belovo PL 85) is an orally active natural phospholipid mixture extracted from egg yolks. Lecithins, egg inhibits the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Lecithins, egg exhibits antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and helps delay cellular senescence. Lecithins, egg enhances nerve conduction, improves memory and cognitive function, and exerts positive effects on delaying neurodegenerative diseases. Lecithins, egg promotes lipid absorption and alleviates diarrhea. Lecithins, egg acts as a high-efficiency drug carrier for the preparation of targeted drug delivery systems such as liposomes.

Soya Lecithin is a phospholipid mixture that can be used as a drug delivery vehicle and is a pharmaceutical excipient. Soya Lecithin can form a lipid bilayer structure through self-assembly, and its binding properties are amphiphilic (hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail), encapsulating hydrophobic drugs. Soya Lecithin forms stable nanoliposomes or microemulsions, improves the solubility and cellular uptake efficiency of poorly soluble drugs (such as Curcumin (HY-N0005)), and exerts activities such as enhancing drug delivery and regulating cell proliferation.

LysoPC (18:3) is a type of lysophospholipid metabolite with biomarker properties. LysoPC (18:3) stably exists in human follicular fluid, and its abundance dynamically changes with age, synchronously regulating the body's lipid metabolism process, follicular development process and oocyte maturation process. The down-regulation of LysoPC (18:3) content is associated with breast cancer lesions and follicular aging changes accompanied by in vitro fertilization in elderly women. LysoPC (18:3) can be used in studies related to breast cancer and infertility in elderly women.