Genitourinary Inflammation

Sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (Mesnum) is a thiol-containing urinary tract protective agent and aldehyde scavenger that detoxifies acrolein via its thiol group to form an inert thioether excreted in urine, and competitively inhibits human myeloperoxidase, thereby mitigating Cyclophosphamide (HY-17420)-induced cytogenetic damage. Sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate can be used for research on hemorrhagic cystitis.

Acetohydroxamic acid is the inhibitor for bacterial and plant urease that can be used for chronic urinary tract infections. Acetohydroxamic acid selectively inhibits arachidonic acid 5-lipoxygenase that is useful in the research of asthma. Acetohydroxamic acid inhibits the formation of advanced glycation end products, and reduces oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Acetohydroxamic acid exhibits antiviral activity against HIV.

Ternidazole hydrochloride is a nitroimidazole Antibiotic with anti-pathogenic microbial activity. Ternidazole hydrochloride kills and inhibits the visible growth of Clostridium perfringens type A in vitro. Ternidazole hydrochloride helps improve the therapeutic efficacy against bacterial vaginosis, candidal vaginitis and mixed vaginitis. Ternidazole hydrochloride effectively alleviates chronic alcoholism. Ternidazole hydrochloride can be used in research related to vaginitis, pathogenic microbial infections and chronic alcoholism.

Aminohippurate sodium (Sodium p-aminohippurate) is a renal tubular transport inhibitor and a substrate for organic anion transporters. Aminohippurate sodium inhibits renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate and promotes increased urinary phosphate excretion. Aminohippurate sodium inhibits renal tubular reabsorption of vitamin C as well as the transport of glucose.

Rolitetracycline is a highly soluble, broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from tetracycline. Rolitetracycline binds to and stabilizes bovine serum albumin, and also inhibits HIV-1 integrase, blocks Aβ fibril formation and suppresses dengue virus proliferation. Rolitetracycline mediates the inhibition of Aβ fibrils via a specific three-dimensional pharmacophore conformation, and exerts bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities. Rolitetracycline acts synergistically with Penicillin G (HY-N7139) or Cephalothin (HY-B1275A) to alter the effects on microbial growth. Rolitetracycline serves as an important tool compound for the study of bacterial infections (urinary tract infections, sepsis), HIV-1 and dengue virus infections, as well as Alzheimer's disease.

2-Mercaptoethanesulfonic acid (ampule, 3.0 M±0.1 M in H₂O) (β-Mercaptoethanesulfonic acid (ampule, 3.0 M±0.1 M in H₂O)) is a thiol-containing urinary tract protective agent and aldehyde scavenger that detoxifies acrolein via its thiol group to form an inert thioether excreted in urine, and competitively inhibits human myeloperoxidase, thereby mitigating Cyclophosphamide (HY-17420)-induced cytogenetic damage. 2-Mercaptoethanesulfonic acid can be used for research on hemorrhagic cystitis.

Tarafenacin (SVT-40776) is an orally active, selective M3 muscarinic receptor (M3 muscarinic receptor) antagonist with 203-fold selectivity over the M2 muscarinic receptor. Tarafenacin does not affect atrial contraction, arterial blood pressure or arterial pressure at high doses. Tarafenacin can be used in the research of overactive bladder.

GPR84 antagonist 9 is an orally active GPR84 antagonist with an IC₅₀ value of 12 nM. By antagonizing the GPR84 receptor, GPR84 antagonist 9 blocks immune cell migration, M1 polarization, and the release of inflammatory factors (IL1β/TNFα) induced by medium-chain free fatty acids (MCFFAs) and other substances, thereby comprehensively inhibiting inflammatory and fibrotic responses. GPR84 antagonist 9 can be used in the research of inflammation-driven pain disorders, including neuropathic pain disorders, Fabry disease, gout, and bladder pain syndrome.

Pterin is a pteridine with antibacterial activity. Pterin binds to the Fe²⁺ active site via its carbonyl group, reducing the oxygen activation energy barrier in hydroxylases. Pterin participates in metabolic redox processes. Pterin can be used in research related to cancer, vitiligo, bacterial infections, phenylketonuria, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia and depression.

Spinacetin is an orally active flavonoid glycoside found in Inula japonica, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Spinacetin inhibits major inflammatory signaling pathways such as Syk, MAPK, and NF-κB, and reduces Ca²⁺-dependent release of allergic mediators. Spinacetin induces protective autophagy and enhances antioxidant defense by upregulating SIRT3/SIRT1/PGC-1α, activating AMPK, and inhibiting mTOR and NF-κB, thereby exerting anti-apoptotic, cardioprotective, bladder-protective, and hepatoprotective effects. Spinacetin alleviates Doxorubicin (HY-15142A)-induced cardiotoxicity and reduces Cyclophosphamide (HY-17420)-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. Spinacetin can be used in research on allergic reactions, cardiotoxicity, cystitis, and cadmium-aggravated hepatic ischemia.

Ternidazole is a nitroimidazole Antibiotic with anti-pathogenic microbial activity. Ternidazole kills and inhibits the visible growth of Clostridium perfringens type A in vitro. Ternidazole helps improve the therapeutic efficacy against bacterial vaginosis, candidal vaginitis and mixed vaginitis. Ternidazole effectively alleviates chronic alcoholism. Ternidazole can be used in research related to vaginitis, pathogenic microbial infections and chronic alcoholism.

Sulfamethoxypyridazine is an orally active and brain-penetrant sulfonamide antibiotic. Sulfamethoxypyridazine exhibits antibacterial activity and inhibits growth of susceptible bacterial strains. Sulfamethoxypyridazine can be used for the research of pyelonephritis, urinary tract infections, and dermatitis herpetiformis.

Tarafenacin (SVT-40776) D-tartrate is an orally active, selective M3 muscarinic receptor (M3 muscarinic receptor) antagonist with 203-fold selectivity over the M2 muscarinic receptor. Tarafenacin D-tartrate does not affect atrial contraction, arterial blood pressure or arterial pressure at high doses. Tarafenacin D-tartrate can be used in the research of overactive bladder.

AZM198 is an orally active myeloperoxidase (MPO) inhibitor. AZM198 irreversibly inactivates MPO (IC₅₀=0.015 μM) via covalent binding to the heme prosthetic group, preferentially targets extracellular MPO activity, and reduces neutrophil extracellular trap formation, reactive oxygen species production and degranulation. AZM198 increases the fibrous cap thickness of atherosclerotic plaques, reduces lesion area, ameliorates hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and alleviates proteinuria and inflammatory infiltration associated with glomerulonephritis. AZM198 also decreases circulating levels of high-sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I and IL-1β, and mitigates endothelial cell injury. Therefore, AZM198 is suitable for research on various MPO-related diseases, including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and crescentic glomerulonephritis.

Imidapril hydrochloride (TA-6366) is an orally active dual inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and MMP-9. Imidapril hydrochloride inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun, MKK4 and JNK in monocytes, and downregulates the production of specific inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IP-10, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory activity. Imidapril hydrochloride also effectively ameliorates mesangial expansion and reduces urinary albumin excretion by inhibiting angiotensin AngII production, lowering glomerular pressure and oxidative stress, thus delaying disease progression. Imidapril hydrochloride can also directly bind to the active site of MMP-9 to inhibit gelatinase activity, and suppress the enlargement of cerebral aneurysms without altering systemic blood pressure. Imidapril hydrochloride is widely applicable to related studies on autoimmune glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, cerebral aneurysms and other conditions.

1,2,3,4-Tetrahydrobenzo[h]quinolin-3-ol is a tetrahydrobenzoquinolinol-based diazo coupling reagent that reacts with diazo molecules to produce a pink color. 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydrobenzo[h]quinolin-3-ol can be used in urine nitrite test strips for research related to urinary tract infections.

5-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone is an intestinal microbiota metabolite of (-)-Epicatechin (HY-N0001). 5-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone downregulates TNF-α-stimulated phosphorylation of IKK and IκBα, inhibits the transcriptional activation of NF-κB, and suppresses the expression of adhesion molecules and chemokines. 5-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone promotes autophagy, alleviates oxidative stress, maintains osteoblast differentiation, induces G₁ phase arrest, inhibits adipogenesis, and scavenges ABTS free radicals. 5-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone inhibits the adhesion of uropathogenic Escherichia coli to bladder epithelial cells; when used in combination with Curcumin (HY-N0005), it downregulates the NLRP3 and NOX2/Nrf2 signaling pathways, thereby reducing microglial activation. 5-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone can be used in research related to diabetes, atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, obesity, neurodegenerative diseases involving microglial activation, and urinary tract infections.

Ebribafusp alfa (ADX-097) comprising a humanized anti-C3d monoclonal antibody linked to two moieties of the first five consensus repeats of factor H (fH1-5). Ebribafusp alfa binds C3d and related fragments, catalyzes AP convertase dissociation, acts as a factor I co-factor for C3b cleavage, and delivers fH1-5 moieties to C3d-deposited tissues for local complement inhibition without systemic blockade. Ebribafusp alfa reduces glomerular C3 deposition, proteinuria, urine albumin-creatinine ratios, and urine soluble C5b-9 levels, preserves podocyte foot-process architecture, inhibits skin complement activation, and localizes to UVB-damaged primate skin. Ebribafusp alfa can be used for the research of membranous nephropathy, bullous pemphigoid, discoid lupus erythematosus, C3 glomerulopathy, IgA nephropathy, and lupus nephritis.

Ternidazole-d₆ hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Ternidazole hydrochloride (HY-136436). Ternidazole hydrochloride is a nitroimidazole Antibiotic with anti-pathogenic microbial activity. Ternidazole hydrochloride kills and inhibits the visible growth of Clostridium perfringens type A in vitro. Ternidazole hydrochloride helps improve the therapeutic efficacy against bacterial vaginosis, candidal vaginitis and mixed vaginitis. Ternidazole hydrochloride effectively alleviates chronic alcoholism. Ternidazole hydrochloride can be used in research related to vaginitis, pathogenic microbial infections and chronic alcoholism.

Nafagrel hydrochloride is a Thromboxane A₂ synthase inhibitor. Nafagrel hydrochloride inhibits the production of Thromboxane A₂ and increases the production of Prostaglandin I₂ (HY-A0126A). Nafagrel hydrochloride prevents thrombotic material accumulation in acute arterial thrombosis models. Nafagrel hydrochloride can be used in research on peripheral vascular disease, restenosis after PTCA, and lupus nephritis.