Checkpoint Kinase 1 (Chk1)

Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1, encoded by CHEK1) is the principal effector kinase downstream of ATR in the DNA damage and replication stress checkpoints. Although classified here within the CAMKL group, Chk1 responds to genome-instability signals rather than calcium. ATR phosphorylates its C-terminal regulatory region, activating Chk1 to phosphorylate Cdc25A, targeting it for degradation, and Cdc25C, which is sequestered in the cytoplasm, keeping CDK1/2 inactive and arresting cell-cycle progression. Chk1 also stabilizes stalled replication forks and modulates p53-dependent fate decisions, and it is essential for viability. Recombinant Chk1 is widely used in checkpoint kinase assays and in screening Chk1 inhibitors developed as chemopotentiators.