Maxillaria densa

Gymnopusin is an L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel blocker and vasorelaxant. Gymnopusin inhibits KCl- and Norepinephrine-induced contractility as well as CaCl₂-induced contractions. Gymnopusin induces endothelium-independent relaxation involving the opening of ATP-sensitive and calcium-activated potassium channels. Gymnopusin disrupts membranes through tonoplast lysis, leading to electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll loss, and photobleaching in duckweed. Gymnopusin inhibits radicle elongation in Amaranthus hypochondriacus seedlings and exhibits phytotoxicity against duckweed. Gymnopusin shows moderate cytotoxicity against mammalian cell lines. Gymnopusin can be used for research on hypertension.

Ephemeranthol A is a phenanthrene compound with anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Ephemeranthol A exerts significant anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages by inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Ephemeranthol A induces apoptosis and inhibits metastasis of lung cancer cells by suppressing the FAK/Akt signaling and EMT processes. Ephemeranthol A can be used for the research of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases and non-small cell lung cancer.