Transglutaminase 1: Emerging Functions beyond Skin

  • Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Sep 25;25(19):10306. doi: 10.3390/ijms251910306.
Sahar Ebrahimi Samani  1 ,  Hideki Tatsukawa  2 ,  Kiyotaka Hitomi  2 ,  Mari T Kaartinen  1  3
Affiliations
  • 1. Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
  • 2. Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
  • 3. Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada.
PMID: 39408635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251910306
Abstract

Transglutaminase enzymes catalyze CA2+- and thiol-dependent posttranslational modifications of glutamine-residues that include esterification, hydrolysis and transamidation, which results in covalent protein-protein crosslinking. Among the eight Transglutaminase family members in mammals, Transglutaminase 1 (TG1) plays a crucial role in skin barrier formation via crosslinking and insolubilizing proteins in keratinocytes. Despite this established function in skin, novel functions have begun merging in normal tissue homeostasis as well as in pathologies. This review summarizes our current understanding of the structure, activation, expression and activity patterns of TG1 and discusses its putative novel role in other tissues, such as in vascular integrity, and in diseases, such as Cancer and fibrosis.

Keywords
epidermal transglutaminase; keratinocyte transglutaminase; transglutaminase; transglutaminase 1.