Tetracyclic Triterpenoids

Inotodiol activates p53 signaling pathway, inhibits MMP-2/9, and exhibits antitumor activity in cancer cell HeLa. Inotodiol inhibits the generation of ROS and exhibits antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. Inotodiol inhibits the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway, and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. Inotodiol inhibits TLR-4 mediated TNF-α production (IC₅₀s in BMMC and BMDM is 0.7 μM and 3.0 μM), inhibits the degranulation in mast cell, exhibits anti-allergic activity. Inotodiol is orally active.

11-Oxomogroside IV A (compound 12) is a cucurbitane triterpene glycoside isolated from unripe fruits of Luo Han Guo. 11-Oxomogroside IV A has anti-tumor effects and is cytotoxic to tumor cells SMMC-772 (IC₅₀: 288 μg/mL).

3β-Hydroxylanosta-8,24-dien-21-al is a lanostane-type triterpene. 3β-Hydroxylanosta-8,24-dien-21-al can inhibit the tumor promotion, reducing the percentage of mice bearing papillomas.

5α,6α-Epoxystigmasterol is a sterol epoxide. 5α,6α-Epoxystigmasterol serves as a precursor of brassinosteroidal compounds.

7-Deacetylazadirone is an insect growth regulator targeting the ecdysone receptor (EcR), isolated from Teclea verdoorniana Exell. 7-Deacetylazadirone competitively binds insect EcR to block the activation of related signaling pathways, thereby disrupting insect metamorphosis and causing lethal molting. 7-Deacetylazadirone can be used in research on the development of green insecticides.

Excisanin D is an ent-kaurane diterpenoid found in the leaves of Isodon excisa. Excisanin D can be used in research on gastrointestinal diseases.

Colocynthoside A is a cucurbitane-type triterpenoid. Colocynthoside A is found in the fruits of Citrullus colocynthis. Colocynthoside A does not inhibit AChE. Colocynthoside A can be used for research on Alzheimer's disease.

(9β,10α,16α,23S)-2-[[4-O-(6-Deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-16,23-epoxy-20-hydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosta-1,5,24-triene-3,11-dione (Compound 5) is a cucurbitane-type triterpenoid glycoside that can be isolated from Citrullus colocynthis.

Khekadaengoside G is a cucurbitane glycoside that can be found in the fruits of Trichosanthes tricuspidata.

6'-Acetyl-2-O-β-D-glucocucurbitacin E is a cucurbitane-type triterpenoid. 6'-Acetyl-2-O-β-D-glucocucurbitacin E is isolated from the fruits of Citrullus colocynthis. 6'-Acetyl-2-O-β-D-glucocucurbitacin E does not inhibit acetylcholinesterase. 6'-Acetyl-2-O-β-D-glucocucurbitacin E exhibits anticancer activity against colorectal cancer. 6'-Acetyl-2-O-β-D-glucocucurbitacin E can be used for research on colorectal cancer.

Deoxocucurbitoside B is a natural product. Deoxocucurbitoside B is isolated from the fruits of Citrullus colocynthis.

Colocynthoside B is a cucurbitane-type triterpenoid glycoside that inhibits passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in type I allergy models and inhibits aflatoxin biosynthesis. Colocynthoside B can be used for research on type I allergy.

Khekadaengoside E is a cucurbitane-type glycoside that can be found in the fruits of Trichosanthes tricuspidata. Khekadaengoside E has an R configuration at the C-22 position. Khekadaengoside E can be hydrolyzed by crude hesperidinase to yield the aglycone khekadaengogenin III.

Dihydrocucurbitacin E is a cucurbitacin anticancer agent found in the rhizomes of Begonia nantoensis. Dihydrocucurbitacin E exhibits cytotoxic effects on gastric cancer cells and nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Dihydrocucurbitacin E can be used in research on gastric cancer and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Cucurbitacin K 2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a cucurbitacin glycoside. Cucurbitacin K 2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is isolated from the fruits of Citrullus colocynthis, the roots of Machilus yaoshansis, and the fruits of Cucurbita pepo cv dayangua.

Khekadaengoside H is a 16α,23(S)-epoxycucurbitane glycoside that can be found in the fruits of Trichosanthes tricuspidata.

6-Deacetyloxy-7-deacetylchisocheton is a limonoid compound found in the bark of Melia azedarach. 6-Deacetyloxy-7-deacetylchisocheton exhibits cytotoxicity against cancer cells. 6-Deacetyloxy-7-deacetylchisocheton can be used in cancer research.

Ciwujianoside D2, a saponin compound, can enhance pancreatic lipase activity in vitro.

Aspafilioside B is a steroidal saponin. Aspafilioside B is extractable from Asparagus filicinus. Aspafilioside B activates the ERK, c-Raf and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, and upregulates H-Ras and N-Ras. Aspafilioside B mediates G2/M cell cycle arrest by altering the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins. Aspafilioside B induces Apoptosis. Aspafilioside B increases intracellular ROS levels. Aspafilioside B is applicable to research related to hepatocellular carcinoma.

16S,22S-Dihydroxycholesterol is a stereospecific dihydroxylated cholesterol and also a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of Diosgenin (HY-N0177) in plants.